I am going to study three love poems. The first one is...

I am going to study three love poems. The first one is called First Love by John Clare How does poet’s writing before 1900 use language to write about different types of love? Consider three love poems, two of which must be by the same poet. In this piece of coursework I am going to study three love poems. The first one is called â€Å"First Love† by John Clare; this poem is a very simple, sweet poem about a mans first love of his life. The second is called â€Å"My Last Duchess† by Robert Browning; this poem is about the Duke telling his servant about his last wife, this poem is a poem about obsessive love. The third poem is called â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† also by Robert Browning; this poem is about a man being suspicious enough to†¦show more content†¦Whereas the vocabulary in â€Å"My Last Duchess† is very obsessive, vocabulary in â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† is possessive and also Porphyria’s lover is very suspicious of Porphyria. â€Å"Lake whipped up by the wind†, â€Å"Cold room†, and â€Å"Sullen wind† are all examples/indications of the menacing love Porphyria’s lover has for Porphyria. Porphyria enters the room and looks like she has come in from a storm, which she has, but Porphyria’s lover makes it sound different. â€Å"Her cloak is dripping†. Porphyria’s lover once referred to Porphyria as â€Å"mine, mine†, this shows his obsession with Porphyria and shows that he only feels happy when Porphyria is all his. When her own hair murders Porphyria, Porphyria’s lover says he has her love all to himself at last. He doesn’t feel guilty about what he had done â€Å"God has not said a word†. Secondly, I am going to investigate the sentence structure of all three of the poems. Looking at the sentence structure of â€Å"First Love†, the sentences are very short and simple, â€Å"I never saw, so sweet a face, as that I stood before† but there are aw few complex sentences within the poem â€Å"They spoke as chords do from the string and blood burnt round my heart†. Rhetorical questions are also asked because he wants to find out a lot more about love, as it is his first time in being in love. â€Å"Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow?† are only a few examples of rhetorical questions that are in the poem.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Black Arts Movement1626 Words   |  7 Pagesblackness that created controversial but significant organizations such as the Black Panther Party. The Black Arts Movement called for an explicit connection between art and politics (Smith). This movement created the most prevalent era in black art history by taking stereotypes and racism and turning it into artistic value. This connection between black art and politics was first made clear in a great essay written by Larry Neal in the summer of 1968. This essay illustrated the Black Arts MovementsRead MoreBlack Arts Movement Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesblackness that created controversial but significant organizations such as the Black Panther Party. The Black Arts Movement called for an explicit connection between art and politics (Smith). This movement created the most prevalent era in black art history by taking stereotypes and racism and turning it into artistic value. This connection between black art and politics was first made clear in a great essay written by Larry Neal in the summer of 1968. This essay illustrated the Black Arts MovementsRead MoreWe Real Cool a Poem by Gwendoly Brooks Essay examples1034 Words   |  5 PagesWe Real Cool â€Å"We Real Cool† is a poem that was written by poet Gwendolyn Brooks in the year of 1959. This poem states that the black young people in the United States went through to make a clear definition of themselves and tried to seek their values in the late fifties and early sixties, young kids knowing they are different from the society, so they started their abandonment from a young age, they give up school because they know they cannot be accept as other white kids, they were caughtRead MoreI Am An Individual Child1666 Words   |  7 Pages From the microsystem, I am an individual child, but as I grew up, I was affected by the family. The family factors include parents working environment, residence environment, and siblings. For example, my parents run a restaurant they are so busy, do not have enough time stay with me. I have to admit that a great influence on me.I remembered when I studied in the elementary school; my parents were so busy they did not have time stay with me. I lived with my grandmother for a long time we are soRead MorePast, Present, And Future Of Sonia Sanchez2199 Words   |  9 PagesEnglish 237 Past, Present, and Future of Sonia Sanchez When you look and read the book cover and back cover of this collection of poems, you instantly think of the visions of poems and the strength and activism of this woman. In the whole course from the beginning to the end of this book, this collection enforces the beauty and the fierce character of the author, as I will try to show you in this essay. It also brings to life past, present, and possible future of the women presented by Sonia SanchezRead MoreThe Life and Accomplishments of Maya Angelou Essay example1738 Words   |  7 Pagesin more ways than one, and I had to write about her. When Maya speaks people listen. She has this wisdom that only few have, especially when life wasn’t always great. She turned tragedy into triumph, and helped others in doing so. So, Maya has proven too many women, especially black women that you succeed, even if you have had a child in your teen years. She’s proof that with determination nothing is unattainable. I chose to write the paper as a timeline of Maya Angelou’s life. I started with birthRead MoreThe Revelation of Truths: The Preoccupation with Life, Love and Loss in Kate Llewellyns Poetry2064 Words   |  9 PagesKate Llewellyn is one of the most important contemporary Australian poets whose poems deal with a variety of themes – life, love, loss and pain along with the delineation of her emotions and experiences gathered while leading her everyday life. Thus she has taken for her themes simple, everyday sentiments which are intense enough, leaving deep impressions on her mind and in the process giving rise to these emotions which she has recorded in her poems. An attempt will be made in this paperRead MoreThe Negro Speaks Of Rivers1548 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan to write poetry. One of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both whom Hughes would later cite as primary influences. By the time Hughes was enrolled at Columbia University in New York, he had already launched his literary career with his poem â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† in the Crisis, edited by W.E.B. DuBois. He also committed himself to writing mainly about African Americans. Leaving Columbia in 1922, Hughes spent the next three years in a successionRead MoreKate Drumgoold and Annie L. Burton1191 Words   |  5 Pagesstrife. The three narratives that are chosen to illustrate this role of Christianity within the lives of slave women are the narratives of Memoir of Old Elizabeth: a Coloured Woman, A Slave Girl’s Story: Being and Autobiography of Kate Drumgoold, and Memories of Childhood’s Slavery Days by Annie L. Burton. In the narrative Memoir of Old Elizabeth, Old Elizabeth used Christianity throughout her text as her Christian faith was a fundamental part of her life and experience. Old Elizabeth was one of theRead More Midlife Crisis in William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"When my love swears that she is made of truth / I do believe her though I know she lies, / That she might think me some untutored youth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-3). â€Å"Sonnet 138† allows the reader a glimpse into the speaker’s mind, and what one finds is a man suffering from what is commonly known as a midlife crisis. In an effort to reverse â€Å"the downslope [sic] of age† (Kermode â€Å"Millions†), he takes part in a duplicitous affair with a promiscuous woman possibly â€Å"in her early twenties† (Hubler 107). Three main themes

The Lifestyle of Chinese American People Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Penned in 1991 by the noted American author and playwright Frank Chin, Donald Duk is the journey of a twelve-year-old boy named Donald Duk in search of his identity in multicultural America. The boy is embarrassed by his name as well as his traditional Chinese heritage. The character of the protagonist represents the new generation of Chinese Americans, who are lost in the cultural assimilation and identity crisis overpowered by the American lifestyle. Donald Duk is born in America and wants to feel and live like an American. He is in the middle of the struggle between assimilating American lifestyle while at the same time accepting his own Chinese culture. This mental struggle is displayed at the beginning of the novel. Donald Duk hates his name. he is not a duck. He is not a cartoon character. (Chin 1) Contrary to the younger generation of America-born Chinese, there are the older lot, who still respects and maintains their cultural heritage even in the small Chinatown of Americ a. The character of King Duk, father of Donald Duk represents this lot. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lifestyle of Chinese American People or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In short, the characters of Donald Duk provide a colorful picture of the American Chinatown that is hued by both preservations of traditional Chinese heritage and assimilation of American culture. The main theme of Chin s novel deals with the issue of the cultural identity of the Chinese American people and how they carry it on in their individualistic manner.

The Revolutionary Generation, By Joseph J. Ellis - 1730 Words

Joseph J. Ellis, the author of Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation, is an American author and historian. Born July 18, 1943 in Washington, D.C., Ellis would grow up to be one of the best, well-known scholars of America. He began his college education at Yale University, then at the College of William Mary. Ellis works include Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation, American Sphinx, and His Excellency: George Washington. His books have brought his name into one of remembrance as his books have gone on to win the Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award, and New York Times bestseller. Ellis has taught at many prestigious colleges including Mount Holyoke College, Williams College, Commonwealth Honors College at the†¦show more content†¦Alexander Hamilton was one of the key, founding figures of the Federalist, a political party who believed in a strong, national government. However, Aaron Burr considered himself a Democratic-Republican, a political party who fa vored for the states to have more power than the national government; in other words, both men believed in the exact opposite for the government of the United States. As a result, Hamilton and Burr disagreed on many things, resulting in a great amount of animosity towards each other. The duel was held on Wednesday, July 11, 1804 in Weehawken, New Jersey. The choice of weapon for the duel was a pistol chosen by Hamilton since he was the one challenged. Again since he was the challenged, Hamilton had the choice of position, so he chose a place located upstream. However, that would include one of many mistakes that would cost him his life. As both men shot at each other, only one was hit. Shot in a fatal location, Hamilton was hit on his right side, right above his hip. Ellis states, â€Å"Hamilton himself recognized his own condition almost immediately†¦Meanwhile, Burr seemed surprised and regretful at the outcome of his shot† (25). The two eyewitnesses at the time, Pendle ton and Van Ness, decided to make a â€Å"Joint Statement† in which they stated that both men upheld the â€Å"code duello†,Show MoreRelatedThe Revolutionary Generation By Joseph J. Ellis1350 Words   |  6 PagesThe Revolutionary Generation Most novels or documentaries regarding the Revolutionary Generation, largely focus on the war for independence, which includes the Continental Congress. Not often in media, does one find a post-war political book. The Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation by Joseph J. Ellis dives in the complexities faced by the Founding Fathers of America. As they saw themselves as brothers (with the exception of Abigail Adams), they often did not agree on most of each other’sRead MoreThe Revolutionary Generation : Joseph J. Ellis1516 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph J. Ellis author of Founding Brothers The Revolutionary Generation is an award-winning author. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in history for the book Founding Brothers. Ellis has also written other books about the Revolutionary generation. He attended and earned his B.A. from the College of William and Mary in 1965. He went on to pursue his education and received a Master of Arts, a Master of Philosophy, and a Ph.D from Yale University. After serving in the U.S. Army, he taught at West PointRead MoreThe Revolutionary Generation : Joseph J. Ellis1619 Words   |  7 PagesThe verifiable background of the United States has been more than once stamped by fight to keep up the feelings of our various extraordinary pioneers. Joseph J. Ellis novel, Founding Brothers: the Revolutionary Generation, offers an outstanding perspective on why this is; as he withdraws to a rate of the beginnings of American political issues. From our outstandingly origination as a nation, a pretty much tumultuous air enveloped administrative issues, which clearly has doubtlessly continued intoRead MoreSummary Of Founding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation By Joseph J. Ellis1377 Words   |  6 PagesFounding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation by Joseph J. Ellis Publisher: Alfred A. Knopf Joseph J. Ellis work concentrates on crucial events after the Revolutionary war in the young nation of America. The writer unbiasedly analyzes vital moments in the lives of the Founding Fathers and how relationships between them influenced and were influenced by the unstable era in which they happened to live in. Through the six chapters and preface, Ellis examines the key revolutionary leaders, the problemsRead Morefounding fathers book report873 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph J. Ellis is a well-known historian. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from the college of William and Mary, and his masters and Ph.D. at the University of Yale. Ellis is currently a full time professor of the Commonwealth at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. In addition to Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation Ellis has written many books and editorials. His books include; The New England Mind in Transition: Samuel Johnson of Connecticut (Yale University Press, 1983)Read MoreThe American Revolution : A Historiographical Introduction846 Words   |  4 Pagescontinue writing the article â€Å"The American Revolution: A Historiographical Introduction,† provided by The British Library I would choose to use a book titled â€Å"Revolutionary Characters: What Made The Founders Different,† written by Gordon S. Wood, and a book titled â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation,† written by Joseph J Ellis as reference. The article â€Å"The American Revolution: A Historiographical Introduction,† provided by The British Library, goes over how the AmericanRead MoreFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph J. Ellis, American historian and novelist has written many awards winning novels. One of his most recognized, â€Å"American Sphinx†, winner many prestigious awards such as the National Book Award for Non-Fiction in 1997, and the Ambassador Book Award for Biography in 1998. His Pulitzer Prize winning novel, â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation†, talks about the founding fathers’ interactions with each other in the decades that followed the Constitutional Convention of 1787. DuringRead MoreFounding Brothers Book Review Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesEllis, Joseph J.  Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Print. The book being critiqued in the following review is Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis. Ellis’ goal in writing this book was to define the political events and achievements that gained historical significance because they framed the successive history of the United States. Ellis wrote on this specific topic because he felt the need to argue the fact that the American Revolution and the greatnessRead More Joseph J. Ellis Founding Brothers : The Revoluntary Generation654 Words   |  3 PagesJoseph J. Ellis Founding Brothers : The Revoluntary Generation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The compelling and infectious novel of Founding Brothers; The Revolutionary Generation written by Joseph J. Ellis combines our founding fathers weakness’ and strongest abilities in just six chapters. His six chapters tell the stories of: The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. This entertaining chapter describes how duels were undertaken and played out in that time, and helps the reader understand both mens motivesRead MoreFounding Brothers By Joseph J. Ellis1479 Words   |  6 Pages In the book â€Å"Founding Brothers† by Joseph J. Ellis, he explores the challenges faced by the Founding Fathers in a series of 6 defining events as they formed a new government for the U.S. after the revolution. Focusing on the more important figures from the revolutionary era, who he calls â€Å"Founding Brothers†, a slight change from the original â€Å"Founding Fathers†. They are as follows: George Washington, John and Abigale Adams, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Arron Burr, Alexander Hamilton, and Benjamin

The Serial Podcast, By Sarah Koenig - 1635 Words

Adnan Syed is accused of murdering his ex-girlfriend, and various factors present him as a very likely suspect. Information put together by the state don’t add up, but instead prove he is innocent. Is Adnan guilty or innocent for his ex-girlfriend’s death? In the Serial Podcast, journalist Sarah Koenig discusses the case, committed almost seventeen years ago, and uncovers new evidence that indicates Adnan’s innocence. Adnan Syed has been viewed as a boyfriend, honor roll student, and a murderer. Many described him as a smart, flirtatious, and a likable high schooler. On January 13, 1999, his ex-girlfriend, Hae Min Lee, was murdered. Investigators immediately assumed Adnan as the primary suspect because Hae had broken up with him, a month†¦show more content†¦He wasn t. I was like he s a p...I m trying to conv-- explain I’m seventeen, like â€Å"He s a player! He has a lot of girls!†Ã¢â‚¬  (Episode 2: The Breakup p. 37). Undoubtedly, Koenig asserts an exceptional point, Adnan is popular among the females in his school and he most likely isn’t completely devastated by their breakup. Although he was a bit emotional, he moved on. Others also advocated a similar statement, â€Å"But nearly everyone I’ve spoke with, Adnan’s friends and teachers say he took the breakup like anyone would. Adnan’s friend Mac Francis said Adnan initially was devastated and jealous about the new boyfriend. Said he grumbled about it in a typical guy way, nothing strange. Everyone I talked to said some version of this, that he wasn’t rage filled or vindictive. He was just sad† (Episode 2: The Breakup p. 36). Sarah Koenig asked many people and none of them announced anything extreme between Adnan and Hae after their breakup. After analyzing these pieces of evidence, one can infer the claim of being upset over Hae isn’t verified through anyone. Another component to Adnan’s innocence would be A sia McClain and the library. Thereafter, a witness, Asia McClain, had physically spoken to Adnan when he allegedly murdered Hae. Asia McClain was a high schooler that attended Adnan’s school and composed a couple letters to him after he was arrested. One of these letters reads, â€Å"Dear Adnan-- I hope IShow MoreRelatedThe Backlash Against Serial And Why It s Wrong1335 Words   |  6 PagesAgainst Serial—and Why It’s Wrong,† author Conor Friedersdorf comes to the podcast’s defense following the harsh criticisms that have been thrown at Serial since its debut. Serial is a spinoff series from parent podcast This American Life, which details the investigation of a brutal 1999 murder involving high school seniors of the Baltimore area. Friedersdorf’s piece not only comes to defend Serial’s honor, but it also fights back and grapples with the disparaging comments thrown at the podcast. In particularRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Backlash Against Serial And Why It s Wrong Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis In his passionately written article â€Å"The Backlash Against Serial—and Why It’s Wrong,† author Conor Friedersdorf comes to the podcast’s defense following the harsh criticisms that have been thrown at Serial since its debut. Serial is a spinoff series from parent podcast This American Life, which details the investigation and reinvestigation of a brutal 1999 murder involving high school lovers of the Baltimore area. Friedersdorf’s piece not only comes to defend Serial’s honor,Read MoreThe Role Of Religious Stereotype Of Adnan Syed893 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst the defendant because stereotype is an unfair belief. In the Serial podcast, the murder of Hae Min Lee has caused worldwide attention and discussion. A 17 years old teenage boy, Adnan Syed, has been convicted to the first degree murder. Adnan is born in a Muslim family from Pakistan, people assumed that Adnan must be a Muslim because of his parent s faith. His Muslim identity has been repeated and emphasized in the podcast and trial, this factor may affect his court of decision due to theRead MoreDon t You Feel Everyone Should Receive A Fair Trial1385 Words   |  6 Pagesstrangling of a girl named Hae Min Lee. He supposedly told Jay, a buddy of his, that he was going to kill her. After Hae’s missing body was recovered, Jay went to the police and the state used his testimony against Adnan. Recently, a serial podcast was developed by Sarah Koenig, a detective who goes deeper in the case and believes Adnan may be innocent. I think Adnan is innocent because Jay’s story kept altering details and sounds untrustworthy, Adnan had very little time to kill Hae, and because AdnanRead MorePersuasive Essay On Obsession And Pride1967 Words   |  8 Pagesmost dangerous place isn’t the bad part of town, but rather in the midst of an argument somewhere you feel safe with someone you are close to, and that is quite frightening. As terrifying as it is to imagine, it does happen, and on the Serial podcast Sarah Koenig explains a case from the year 2000, in Baltimore, Maryland. A student at Woodlawn High School named Adnan Syed murdered his ex girlfriend, Hae Min Lee, by strangulation after getting into an argument that turned violent. Adnan and Hae wereRead MoreSerial Podcast Evaluation Essay1485 Words   |  6 PagesCasey  Laudadio   Serial  Multi ­Genre  Research  Project  Essay   Jay  Wilds  should  be  credited  with  the  murder  of  Hae  Min  Lee.  This  is  attributed  to   Jays  testimony  being  everything  that  the  State  has  on  Adnan  Syed,  which,  is  a  testimony   that  is  saturated  with  inconsistencies  and  falsified  information.  This  research  project  will   examine  Jay  to  the  core  by  tapping  into  all  the  evidence  found  in  this  case  as  well  as   referencing  viable  news  articles  Ã‚ ­Ã‚  the  argument  that  Mr.  Wilds  is  responsible  for  the  death  Read MoreThe Battle Within Bowe Bergdahl1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle Within Bowe Bergdahl The second season of the podcast series, Serial, hosted by Sarah Koenig, an American Journalist, focuses on a soldier named Bowe Bergdahl, who, at the age of 19, enlisted into the Coast Guard. Bowe Bergdahl only lasted a couple weeks in training due to the fact that he was diagnosed with situational anxiety. Without proper guidance, the Army did not look into Bergdahl s diagnosis. Therefore, Bowe Bergdahl was able to re-enlist into the army. Because the Army neglectedRead MoreThe Murder Of Hae Min Lee1955 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom the former couple breaking up. Not only this but at court, Adnan’s ex-friend from high school, Jay Wilds, testified what happened on the day of Hae’s disappearance. The whole case was, in fact, described in detail in the podcast Serial, narrated by journalist Sarah Koenig. Evidence depicts that Syed was wrongly convicted of Lee’s murder for the following reasons: the exes harbored no ill feeling, the prosecution’s evidence was s hoddy, and star witness Jay Wilds was evasive from the start. To beginRead MoreJuveniles Should Not Be Tried As Adults1497 Words   |  6 Pagessystem or not, has been an ongoing debate for many people. 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He was a high school teenager in winter of 1999 when he was convicted of murdering his ex-girlfriend, Hae Min Lee. However, Syed does not have a criminal record

Financial Sources for Demo Pty Ltd-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Sources for Demo Pty Ltd Company Startup. Answer: Financing Sources for Demo Pty Ltd. Company Startup Like public Companies, Demo Pty Ltd Company (private), require funding for a range of reasons. A business characteristically requires greatest financing amount during start and expansion (growth) stages. However, the company might need a cash injection for RD, new equipment or inventory. Whereas financing alternatives for a private company are several; every choice is accompanied by specific stipulations. Funds from personal savings; family and friends; bank loans; private equity via angel investors; alongside venture capitalist are all alternatives for financing throughout a private company life cycle. Start-up Level: Appropriate Source and Inappropriate Source Assumptions: The business owners have a considerable amount of personal savings The business is a new one and hence no retained earnings The business is starting as a fresh private company and no partnership required The business is not big a size to warrant colossal capital (at start-up) Appropriate Sources Personal Savings/equity: This must be the first place to seek for money when starting a business. The personal resources will include profit-sharing/early retirement funds, real estate equity or even cash value insurance policies. The personal resources are the most desirable to finance the business operations at the start-up stage (Verheul Thurik, 2001). The business owners must first pull from saving, take a distribution from a retirement account. Take out a 2nd mortgage on the residence. Only if they dry up will the owners may borrow from family and friends. The reason for personal saving preference is that it gives owners much more control and they do not need to pay back or even depend on outside lenders/investors, who might decide to withdraw their support at any point. Also, the business will retain full possession hence 100% received from future profits. Friends and Family: The owner may look for private financing from friends and families. This can be regarding equity financing whereby friend/relative receives a possession interest in the company. Nevertheless, the investment has to be made in similar formality used with external investors (Romano, Tanewski Smyrnios, 2011). Private financing from close friends and relatives come mostly in small increments between $5,000 and $10,000 with a flexible repayment. Friends and family who invest in the business usually do not take active operational roles. In this case, it is recommended that the business should only take the money regarding borrowing rather than having those friends and relative invest in the business (Mason, 2006). The reason for preferring friends and family borrowing is that; the business owners will still be under the owners and also the repayment is flexible as they are close to each other. Inappropriate Source Bank Loans: The source is not appropriate when the business is starting because first, banks require proof of strong financial track record which is lacking because it is a startup. It is hence never appropriate at start-up because the owners lack revenue sources and levels of profit to get approved (Holmes Kent, 2011). Automatically, a start-up private company is unqualified for bank loan financing. However, it would be advantageous as it provides smart financing source was it an established business. This is because it allows extended repayment over the period with foreseeable fixed monthly repayments. Overdraft: The overdraft is inappropriate at start-up phase because it is attached to higher interest, has a risk of seizing, and lethargic debtors collection. However, it would be appropriate during expansion because it handles timing mismatch of funds flow and helps keep a good track record. Commercial Papers: A commercial paper is never appropriate during the startup because the firm is new and hence lacks the desired high-quality debt ratings that would have otherwise help it find buyers unless they offer significant discounts. Expansion: Issues and Sources of Financing Issues: At Expansion At expansion, the private company will need colossal financing. This is because it will have to require cash infusions for RD, new equipment, and inventory. The company will be showing substantial revenue but may not be realizing a profit. The financing here aims at the provision of working capital for initial business expansion as the business is producing and shipping items and has expanding account receivable and inventories. Still, the company still has some instances where the progress has not been made (Cassar, 2014). Financing Sources: Appropriate Sources Bank Loan: Bank would be beneficial because it will provide smart financing source since the company shall have been established. This is because it allows extended repayment over the period with foreseeable fixed monthly repayments. Commercial Papers: With the high-quality rating in the future, it might be used to get short-term debt to finance account receivable, inventories and meet short-run liabilities because it doesnt need to be registered with SEC so long as maturity is under nine month/270 day hence it is a cost-effective source. Inappropriate Sources Venture Capitalist and funds: While it might appear appropriate by taking a minority position, they will make the owners lose control of the business. References Cassar, G. (2014). The financing of business start-ups.Journal of business venturing,19(2), 261-283. Holmes, S., Kent, P. (2011). An empirical analysis of the financial structure of small and large Australian manufacturing enterprises.The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance,1(2), 141. Mason, C. M. (2006). Informal sources of venture finance. InThe life cycle of entrepreneurial ventures(pp. 259-299). Springer UK. Romano, C. A., Tanewski, G. A., Smyrnios, K. X. (2011). Capital structure decision making: A model for family business.Journal of business venturing,16(3), 285-310. Verheul, I., Thurik, R. (2001). Start-up capital:" does gender matter?".Small business economics,16(4), 329-346.

A dose of Paradise Some Effects of Renaissance Drawings on Victorian Artists Essay Example For Students

A dose of Paradise: Some Effects of Renaissance Drawings on Victorian Artists Essay The first of the Grosvenor Gallery’s winter exhibitions was spectacular. Drawings by the Old Masters, and Water-colour Drawings by Deceased Artists of the British School, which opened at the very beginning of 1878, brought together a staggering 1,238 exhibits from the greatest collections in the country, including the Royal Collection and those of John Malcolm of Poltalloch, the Earl of Warwick and the Duke of Devonshire. This overwhelming display, which included large quantities of drawings by Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian, Dà ¼rer and Holbein, caused the poet Algernon Swinburne to exclaim that it had ‘fairly swept away such small remains of sanity as I possessed before going there †¦One cannot stand such a dose of Paradise all at once.’ For Swinburne’s great friend Edward Burne-Jones and his contemporaries, this and other revelatory exhibitions of Old Master drawings had profound consequences. For British artists to find inspiration in the Old Masters, whether drawings, paintings or sculpture, was, of course, hardly a new phenomenon. What was unprecedented was the accessibility of Old Master drawings in Victorian England, both in reality and through photographic reproduction. From 1846 the Ashmolean Museum displayed drawings by Michelangelo and Raphael fairly constantly on screens in a dedicated gallery. From 1858 exhibitions, the first containing 145 Old Master drawings and 262 prints, were held at the British Museum – where of course such works could also be studied in the Print Room. The Burlington Fine Arts Club (first established in 1856 as the Fine Arts Club) hosted numerous drawing exhibitions, including, in 1870, an ambitious show of Raphael and Michelangelo with extensive loans from the Royal Collection and the Malcolm collection. Illustrated books employed cutting-edge methods of photographic reproduction which aspired to capture something of the quality of original drawings. An important early publication is Specimens of the Drawings of Ten Masters, from the Royal Collection at Windsor Castle compiled by the Royal Librarian, Bernard Woodward. Published in 1870, it was among the earliest books to be illustrated with high-quality arbon prints known as autotypes.3 In 1882 the introduction which J. Comyns Carr had written for the original Grosvenor Gallery winter exhibition handlist was republished, in a deluxe quarto, as Drawings by the Old Masters, with fourteen star works reproduced by ‘positive etching’, a rather expensive photomechanical technique. 4 Some of these illustrations were printed in a subtle colour – warm brown for Mantegna, dark brown for Rembrandt, terracotta for Leonardo and pink for Botticelli. Individual photographs of Old Master drawings were also sought after. Burne-Jon es in particular assembled a large collection, to which he evidently referred in his working practice as he wrote in 1871 to a friend who had sent him a catalogue: ‘I want them all. Select some for me, will you – †¦ choose as you would for yourself.You know what I like – all helpful pieces of modelling and sweet head-drawing, and nakeds by Leonardo and M. Angelo and Raphael †¦ If Ghirlandaio draws sweet girls running, and their dresses blown about, O please not to let me lose one.’ As a consequence, British artists working in the second half of the nineteenth century were in a position to benefit from opportunities to study large numbers of drawings, which previously had been the privilege of wealthy collectors and their circles. The sporadic nature of chances to see actual works in an exhibition context should be weighed against the sheer quality and quantity of drawings when they were displayed – these were not just the contents of one collection but the gems of many. For artists receptive to models outside the mainstream of the British art establishment, whether Frederic Leighton, whose early exposure to Nazarene principles shaped his draughtsmanship, or the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood who sought to emulate the qualities they found in early Renaissance masters, the advent of these drawings had great significance. In addition to which, for Victorian artists seeking what was ‘direct and serious and heartfelt in previous art’, as the Pre-Raph aelites had put it in their manifesto, the relative simplicity and provisional or exploratory quality of a drawing often had greater appeal than the more public rhetoric of a painting. So what were the specific effects of these doses of Paradise on Victorian artists? The principal one was reflected in the impetus to emulate certain characteristics of Renaissance drawings, the most extreme manifestation of which was the occasional use of metalpoint, a medium which had been little used since the early sixteenth century.6 The trajectory of metalpoint use by nineteenth-century English artists roughly divides into three phases which may be summarised as follows. Phase one is represented by William Dyce, who seems to have been the earliest adopter: one of his metalpoint drawings is dated 1845, the year after the English publication of Cennini’s Il Libro dell’Arte (as Treatise on Painting, translated by Mary Merrifield), which described the technical method of making a metalpoint drawing by prepa ing a surface with a coating of ground bone and of drawing on it with a silver orsilver-tipped stylus. Experimentation with metalpoint was typical of the polymathic Dyce, who not only had a taste for fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italian art but was also deeply concerned with historical techniques and was active in the fresco revival of the 1840s. On the whole, Dyce used metalpoint much as Old Masters themselves often used it – to make rapid and sometimes quite summary studies.7Phase two is represented by artists associated with the Pre-Raphaelite and Aesthetic movements, in particular George Frederick Watts, William Holman Hunt, Frederic Leighton, Edward Burne-Jones and William Blake Richmond. This second phase is mostly concentrated in the 1870s when each made occasional forays into metalpoint (although Watts had used a metalpoint sketchbook earlier than this, from about 1850).8 And phase three is what has come to be known as the ‘silverpoint revival’,when in the late 1880s and throughout the 1890s the medium came into wider and more sustained use. The principal exponent of metalpoint during this phase was Alphonse Legros, Slade Professor from 1876 to 1892. Legros’s sometime students, most notably William Strang and Charles Prosper Sainton, were also prominent practitioners. Increased publicity for the medium in this period through exhibitions of contemporary drawings resulted in it becoming popular with amateurs; in response, the manufacturers of artists’ materials Winsor Newton began to produce metalpoint kits about 1892.9 Renaissance humanism EssayBurne-Jones and Leighton were in the vanguard when they made lively, linear drawings reflecting their knowledge of Old Master exemplars. Until the 1870s this kind of draughtsmanship was not practised in England’s dominant art-educational establishments; in fact it was anathema to the kind of painstaking representation of gradations of light and shade falling on plaster casts which was the basis of Royal Academy teaching. At the regional government-run schools of art and design, there was a dogged insistence on a kind of laborious and time-consuming drawing practice described by one critic as ‘detestable effeminate stippling and rounding’. But drawing in Britain was taken in a new direction by the foundation in 1871 of theSlade School of Fine Art. Edward Poynter, the first Slade Professor, made ‘constant study from the life model’ the central tenet of the new school’s teaching.26 Poynterregarded drawing as an incisive analytical practice and, from the outset, a fundamental principle was the importance of drawing with the point of sharpened graphiteor chalk. As Augustus John later remarked, at the Slade ‘stumping’ – rubbing chalk with a tool of rolled paper with a blunt tip to achieve a smooth tonal effect – wasbanned.27 Successive professors maintained Poynter’s commitment to drawing as a means of understanding the human figure, rather than as an end in itself, and as a consequence Slade students’ drawings were linear and summary in comparison with those produced by their contemporaries at the Royal Academy. As important for the school’s ethos as study from the life model was the Slade’s intention to reconnect drawing with practices and techniques derived from the Old Masters. Drawings themselves were used as models; students studied Old Master drawings, both at the British Museum and in the school’s own collections. Poynter’s successor at the Slade was Legros, whose tenure as Slade Professor began in 1876, and whose teaching method was actually described by Randolph Schwabe as ‘a return to the practice and tradition of draughtsmanship among the old masters.’28 Legros’s verbal communication was compromised by his inability to speak more than basic English; as a result, his comments to individual students were, as one of them recalled, ‘laconic and somewhat bleak’.29 Perhaps as a result of this, he taught by demonstration, making drawings, often head studies, in front of a class;one former student remarked that ‘the watche rs probably learnt more in that silent  lesson than during three times the amount of verbal instruction’.30 AlphonseLegros, Academic studyof the head of a man,1882. Graphite, 38.4 Ãâ€"29.5 cm A demonstration drawing from 1882 exemplifies what became known as ‘Slade shading’, a method of modelling with even diagonal hatching derived from Renaissance metalpoint drawings . Here Legros has used graphite in a highly disciplined way that is clearly informed by his experience of working in metalpoint. Henry Tonks, who began teaching in 1892, was appointed Professor in 1918 andfinally retired in 1930, was equally insistent on his students learning from Old Master drawings. ‘Alone among the Art teachers of his time’, remarked Augustus John, Tonks ‘directed his students to the study of the Masters’, while another student wrote of his ‘faith in the great European traditions as seen in the Italian Renaissance and a period following it. He believed in the methods of drawing as practised in Italy – more particularly in Florence and Umbria – from the Quattrocento onwards.’ As a result of this conviction, in typical students’ drawings of this period multiple contour lines are plainly visible, revealing that they did not carefully erase incorrect lines, as they might easily have done, but were encouraged to use graphite as though it were metalpoint and could not be expunged – much as Legros had used it. While Burne-Jones, Leighton and other artists sought to emulate the appearance of Old Master drawings, focus at the Slade shifted to practice; and, in each case, graphite was often brought into play as a convenient substitute for metalpoint. If metalpoint itself had a more limited actual use among British artists than might have been expected, it had a correspondingly wider reach. Its influence on British drawing, both in individual artists’ practice and in progressive art education, though subtle, was pervasive.